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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) - Sao Tome and Principe (2001)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) z Sao Tome and Principe (2001)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)Sao Tome and Principe (2001)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsSao Tome and Principe
Administrative divisions - 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome

note:
Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
Age structure - 0-14 years:
47.7% (male 39,857; female 38,859)

15-64 years:
48.28% (male 38,430; female 41,246)

65 years and over:
4.02% (male 3,034; female 3,608) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish
Airports - 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total:
1,001 sq km

land:
1,001 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The first free elections were held in 1991.
Birth rate - 42.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$58 million

expenditures:
$114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.)
Capital - Sao Tome
Climate tropical tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Coastline 74.1 km 209 km
Constitution - approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form:
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

conventional short form:
Sao Tome and Principe

local long form:
Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe

local short form:
Sao Tome e Principe
Currency - dobra (STD)
Death rate - 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $268 million (2000)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168, telephone [1] (212) 317-0533
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches none
Economic aid - recipient - $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program
Economy - overview no economic activity This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 25 years ago. However, cocoa production has substantially declined because of drought and mismanagement. The resulting shortage of cocoa for export has created a persistent balance-of-payments problem. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a significant amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies, but economic growth has remained sluggish. Sao Tome is also optimistic that significant petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Corruption scandals continue to weaken the economy. At the same time, progress in the economic reform program has attracted international financial institutions' support, and GDP growth will likely rise to at least 4% in 2001-02.
Electricity - consumption - 15.8 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 17 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
41.18%

hydro:
58.82%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Exchange rates - dobras per US dollar - 2390.04 (December 2000), 7,119.0 (1999), 6,883.2 (1998), 4,552.5 (1997), 2,203.2 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991)

head of government:
Prime Minister Guilherma Posser da COSTA (since 30 December 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 30 June and 21 July 1996 (next to be held NA July 2001); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president

election results:
Miguel TROVOADA reelected president in Sao Tome's second multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - Miguel TROVOADA 52.74%, Manuel Pinto da COSTA 47.26%
Exports - $3.2 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities - cocoa 90%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Exports - partners - Netherlands 18%, Germany 9%, Portugal 9% (1998)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - purchasing power parity - $178 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
23%

industry:
19%

services:
58% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 1 00 N, 7 00 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 -
Highways - total:
320 km

paved:
218 km

unpaved:
102 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products
Imports - partners - Portugal 42%, US 20%, South Africa 6% (1998)
Independence - 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber
Infant mortality rate - 48.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 100 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Labor force - NA
Labor force - by occupation - population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing

note:
shortages of skilled workers
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)		 arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
36%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
61% (1993 est.)
Languages - Portuguese (official)
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 8 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - MLSTP-PSD 56%, PCD 14.5%, ADI 29%; seats by party - MLSTP-PSD 31, ADI 16, PCD 8
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
65.59 years

male:
64.15 years

female:
67.07 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
73%

male:
85%

female:
62% (1991 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 130,843 GRT/149,048 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, container 3, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Security Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1 million (FY94)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.5% (FY94)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
34,205 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
18,043 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Nationality - noun:
Sao Tomean(s)

adjective:
Sao Tomean
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards NA
Natural resources fish fish, hydropower
Net migration rate - -3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 165,034 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 3.18% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Santo Antonio, Sao Tome
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 38,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.84 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
adequate facilities

domestic:
minimal system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 3,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 6,942 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 2 (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral volcanic, mountainous
Total fertility rate - 6.02 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - none
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